The 36 July Uprising in Bangladesh
A Movement for Justice and Democracy
Introduction
The 36 July Uprising in Bangladesh, also known as the July Revolution, was a pivotal pro-democracy movement that transpired over 36 days from early July to August 5, 2024. This movement was primarily initiated by university students advocating for reforms in the government’s quota system for public sector employment. The uprising not only led to significant policy changes but also culminated in the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, marking a transformative period in Bangladesh’s political landscape.
Background and Origins
The catalyst for the uprising was the Supreme Court of Bangladesh’s decision on June 5, 2024, to reinstate a 30% quota in public sector jobs for descendants of freedom fighters, reversing earlier reforms that had reduced such quotas. This reinstatement was met with discontent among students and job seekers, who viewed the quota system as discriminatory and a barrier to merit-based employment opportunities. In response, the Anti-Discrimination Students Movement was formed, leading peaceful protests to demand a more equitable recruitment process.
Escalation of Protests
The movement gained momentum as students from various universities across the country joined in solidarity. However, the situation escalated on July 15, 2024, when peaceful protesters at Dhaka University were violently attacked by individuals armed with rods, sticks, and even firearms. These assailants were reportedly linked to the ruling party, and the attacks resulted in numerous injuries among the students.
The government’s heavy-handed response, including the deployment of security forces and the imposition of curfews, further intensified public outrage. Reports indicated that over 600 people were killed during the clashes, with many more injured or detained. The capital city, Dhaka, was placed under a de facto state of emergency, with the army deployed to maintain order.
The Term "36 July"
In a symbolic act of defiance, the protesting students declared August 5 as “July 36,” effectively extending the month of July to honor the continuous days of protest and the sacrifices made during this period. This renaming underscored the relentless spirit of the movement and its significance in the nation’s history.
Outcome and Impact
The sustained protests and mounting public pressure led to a significant political upheaval. On August 5, 2024, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled to India, ending her 15-and-a-half-year tenure. An interim government, led by Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus, was established to steer the country towards democratic reforms and address the demands of the protesters.
Legacy
The 36 July Uprising stands as a testament to the power of collective action in challenging authoritarianism and advocating for democratic principles. It highlighted the pivotal role of youth and student activism in shaping the nation’s political discourse and set a precedent for peaceful yet assertive demand for rights and reforms. The movement also brought to light issues of corruption and nepotism within the government, leading to broader discussions on transparency and accountability in public institutions.
